Cyber Crimes

CYBER CRIMES

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION: 

 

With the day to day evolution of human mind , the modes of committing crime are also drastically changing . Criminals are getting smarter day by day and are applying there minds in this context to commit crime and escape without getting caught. With the advent of computers no one thought that it will become a mode or source of committing crime . Charles Babbage who is well known as the father of computer would not have dreamt that the machine he is giving the world may become a source of crime and would ever influence the society in a negative way.

 

Whenever we talk about cyber crime we can make out that its something related to a wrong  done were a computer system is involved .

The term ‘cyber crime’ is a wrongly applied name. This term has nowhere been defined in any statute /Act passed or enacted by the Indian Parliament. The concept of cyber crime is not radically different from the concept of conventional crime. Both include conduct whether act or omission, which cause breach of rules of law and counterbalanced by the sanction of the state. Though cyber crimes is a new breed of crimes which came into being just after the advent of the computers and the scenario has become more worse with the influence of internet in our day to day life.

 

 

 CONVENTIONAL CRIME-

 

 Crime is a social and economic phenomenon and is as old as the human society. Crime is a legal concept and has the sanction of the law. Crime is defined as “a legal wrong that can be followed by criminal proceedings which may result into punishment.”.  A crime may be said to be any conduct accompanied by act or omission prohibited by law and consequential breach of which is visited by penal consequences.

 

 

 CYBER CRIME:

 

 Cyber crime is the latest and perhaps the most complicated problem in the cyber world. “Cyber crime may be said to be those species, of which, genus is the conventional crime, and where either the computer is an object or subject of the conduct constituting crime. In general cyber crime may be defined as “ unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a tool or target or both”.

 

The computer may be used as a tool in the following kinds of activity- financial crimes, sale of illegal articles, pornography, online gambling, intellectual property crime, e-mail spoofing, forgery, cyber defamation, cyber stalking. The computer may however be a  target for unlawful acts in the following cases- unauthorized access to computer/ computer system/ computer networks, theft of information contained in the ,electronic form,

 e-mail bombing,  salami attacks, logic bombs, Trojan attacks, internet time thefts, web jacking, theft of computer system, physically damaging the computer system.

 

 

DISTINCTION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND CYBER CRIME-

 

 There is apparently no distinction between cyber and conventional crime as both the crimes results into some sort of loss to one of the parties. However on a deep introspection we may say that there exists a fine line of demarcation between the conventional and cyber crime, which is appreciable. The demarcation lies in the involvement of the medium in cases of cyber crime.

 

 

MODE AND MANNER OF COMMITING CYBER CRIME:

 

 

1.      HACKING:

   

 This kind of offence is normally referred as hacking in the generic sense. However the framers of the information technology Act 2000 have no where used this term so to avoid any confusion we would not interchangeably use the word hacking for ‘unauthorized access’ as the latter has wide connotation.

 

2. THEFT OF INFORMATION CONTAINED IN ELECTRONIC FORM:

This includes information stored in computer hard disks, removable storage media etc.  Theft may be either by appropriating the data physically or by tampering them through the virtual medium.

3.  EMAIL BOMBARDING:

This kind of activity refers to sending large numbers of mail to the victim, which may be an individual or a company or even mail servers there by ultimately resulting into crashing of the entire system.

4.  DATA DIDDLING:

This kind of an attack involves altering raw data just before a computer processes it and then changing it back after the processing is completed.

5. SALAMI ATTACKS:

This kind of crime is normally prevalent in the financial institutions or for the purpose of committing financial crimes. An important feature of this type of offence is that the alteration is so small that it would normally go unnoticed.

6. DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK:

The computer of the victim is flooded with more requests than it can handle which cause it to crash. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is also a type of denial of service attack, in which the offenders are wide in number and widespread.

7. VIRUS OR WORM ATTACKS:

 Viruses are programs that attach themselves to a computer or a file and then circulate themselves to other files and to other computers on a network. They usually affect the data on a computer, either by altering or deleting it. Worms, unlike viruses do not need the host to attach themselves to. They merely make functional copies of themselves and do this repeatedly till they eat up all the available space on a computer’s memory. E.g. love bug virus, which affected at least 5 % of the computers of the globe. The losses were accounted to be $ 10 million. The world’s most famous worm was the Internet worm let loose on the Internet by Robert Morris sometime in 1988.  Almost brought development of Internet to a complete halt.

8. LOGIC BOMBS:

 These are event dependent programs. This implies that these programs are created to do something only when a certain event (known as a trigger event) occurs. E.g. even some viruses may be termed logic bombs because they lie dormant all through the year and become active only on a particular date (like the Chernobyl virus).

9. TROJAN ATTACKS:

 This term has its origin in the word ‘Trojan horse’. In software field this means an unauthorized programme, which passively gains control over another’s system by representing itself as an authorised programme. The most common form of installing a Trojan is through e-mail. E.g. a Trojan was installed in the computer of a lady film director in the U.S. while chatting. The cyber criminal through the web cam installed in the computer obtained her nude photographs. He further harassed this lady.

10. INTERNET TIME THEFT:

Normally in these kinds of thefts the Internet surfing hours of the victim are used up by another person. This is done by gaining access to the login ID and the password. E.g. Colonel Bajwa’s case- the Internet hours were used up by any other person. This was perhaps one of the first reported cases related to cyber crime in India. However this case made the police infamous as to their lack of understanding of the nature of cyber crime.

11. WEB JACKING:

  This term is derived from the term hi jacking. In these kinds of offences the hacker gains access and control over the web site of another. He may even mutilate or change the information on the site. This may be done for fulfilling political objectives or for money. E.g. recently the site of MIT (Ministry of Information Technology) was hacked by the Pakistani hackers and some obscene matter was placed therein. Further the site of Bombay crime branch was also web jacked. Another case of web jacking is that of the ‘gold fish’ case. In this case the site was hacked and the information pertaining to gold fish was changed. Further a ransom of US $ 1 million was demanded as ransom. Thus web jacking is a process where by control over the site of another is made backed by some consideration for it.

CLASSIFICATION OF CYBER CRIMES:

The subject of cyber crime may be broadly classified under the following three groups. They are-

1. Against Individuals :

a. against person
b. their property of an individual
 

2. Against Organization :

a. Government
c. Firm, Company, Group of Individuals.

3. Against Society at large 

Against Individuals: –

They can be:
i.   Harassment via e-mails.
ii. Cyber-stalking.
iii. Dissemination of obscene material.
iv. Defamation.
v.  Unauthorized control/access over computer system.
vi. Fraud and cheating

Against Individual Property: - 

i. Computer vandalism.
ii. Transmitting virus.
iii. Netrespass
iv. Unauthorized control/access over computer system.
v. Intellectual Property crimes
vi. Internet time thefts

Against Organization: -

i. Unauthorized control/access over computer system
ii. Possession of unauthorized information.
iii. Cyber terrorism against the government organization.
iv. Distribution of pirated software etc.

Against Society at large: -

i.     Pornography (basically child pornography).
ii.    Polluting the youth through indecent exposure.
iii.   Trafficking
iv.   Financial crimes
v.    Sale of illegal articles
vi.   Online gambling
vii.  Forgery

 Some of the above mentioned offences may discussed in brief as follows:

 

 1.       Harassment via e-mails- 

              Harassment through e-mails is not a new concept. It is very similar to harassing through letters.  

2.        Cyber-stalking-

The Oxford dictionary defines stalking as “pursuing stealthily”. Cyber stalking   involves following a person’s movements across the Internet by posting messages (sometimes threatening) on the bulletin boards frequented by the victim, entering the chat-rooms frequented by the victim, constantly bombarding the victim with emails etc.

3.                 Dissemination of obscene material-

  Pornography on the net may take various forms. It may include the hosting of web site containing these prohibited materials. Use of computers for producing these obscene materials. Downloading through the Internet, obscene materials. These obscene matters may cause harm to the mind of the adolescent and tend to deprave or corrupt their mind. Two known cases of pornography are the Delhi Bal Bharati case and the Bombay case wherein two Swiss couple used to force the slum children for obscene photographs. The Mumbai police later arrested them.

 4.       Defamation

It is an act of imputing any person with intent to lower the person in the estimation of the right-thinking members of society generally or to cause him to be shunned or avoided or to expose him to hatred, contempt or ridicule. Cyber defamation is not different from conventional defamation except the involvement of a virtual medium. E.g. the mail account of Rohit was hacked and some mails were sent from his account to some of his batch mates regarding his affair with a girl with intent to defame him.

 5.      Unauthorized control/access over computer system-

 This activity is commonly referred to as hacking. The Indian law has however given a different connotation to the term hacking, so we will not use the term “unauthorized access” interchangeably with the term “hacking” to prevent confusion as the term used in the Act of 2000 is much wider than hacking.

 

 

 6.         Computer vandalism-

  Vandalism means deliberately destroying or damaging property of another. Thus computer vandalism may include within its purview any kind of physical harm done to the computer of any person. These acts may take the form of the theft of a computer, some part of a computer or a peripheral attached to the computer or by physically damaging a computer or its peripherals.

 

  8.      Intellectual Property crimes / Distribution of pirated software-

 Intellectual property consists of a bundle of rights. Any unlawful act by which the owner is deprived completely or partially of his rights is an offence. The common form of IPR violation may be said to be software piracy, copyright infringement, trademark and service mark violation, theft of computer source code, etc.

 

   9.       Cyber terrorism against the government organization

  At this juncture a necessity may be felt that what is the need to distinguish between cyber terrorism and cyber crime. Both are criminal acts. However there is a compelling need to distinguish between both these crimes. A cyber crime is generally a domestic issue, which may have international consequences, however cyber terrorism is a global concern, which has domestic as well as international consequences.

  The common form of these terrorist attacks on the Internet is by distributed denial of service attacks, hate websites and hate emails, attacks on sensitive computer networks, etc.  Cyber terrorism may be defined to be “ the premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, in cyber space, with the intention to further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives, or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives”

  Another definition may be attempted to cover within its ambit every act of cyber terrorism.

A terrorist means a person who indulges in wanton killing of persons or in violence or in disruption of services or means of communications essential to the community or in damaging property with the view to –

(1) putting the public or any section of the public in fear; or

(2) affecting adversely the harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities; or

(3) coercing or overawing the government established by law; or

(4) endangering the sovereignty and integrity of the nation

and a cyber terrorist is the person who uses the computer system as a means or ends to achieve the above objectives. Every act done in pursuance thereof is an act of cyber terrorism.

    10.     Trafficking

   Trafficking may assume different forms. It may be trafficking in drugs, human beings, arms weapons etc. These forms of trafficking are going unchecked because they are carried on under pseudonyms. A racket was busted in Chennai where drugs were being sold under the pseudonym of honey.  

 

11.                           Fraud & Cheating

 Online fraud and cheating is one of the most lucrative businesses that are growing today in the cyber space. It may assume different forms. Some of the cases of online fraud and cheating that have come to light are those pertaining to credit card crimes, contractual crimes, offering jobs, etc.

 

STATUTORY PROVISIONS:

The Indian parliament considered it necessary to give effect to the resolution by which the General Assembly adopted Model Law on Electronic Commerce adopted by the United Nations Commission on Trade Law. As a consequence of which the Information Technology Act 2000 was passed and enforced on 17th May 2000.the preamble of this Act states its objective to legalise e-commerce and further amend the Indian Penal Code 1860, the Indian Evidence Act 1872, the Banker’s Book Evidence Act1891 and   the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934.  The basic purpose to incorporate the changes in these Acts is to make them compatible with the Act of 2000. So that they may regulate and control the affairs of the cyber world in an effective manner.            

CONCLUSION:

  Capacity of human mind is unfathomable. It is not possible to eliminate cyber crime from the cyber space. It is quite possible to check them. History is the witness that no legislation has succeeded in totally eliminating crime from the globe. The only possible step is to make people aware of their rights and duties (to report crime as a collective duty towards the society) and further making the application of the laws more stringent to check crime. Undoubtedly the Act is a historical step in the cyber world. Further I all together do not deny that there is a need to bring changes in the Information Technology Act to make it more effective to combat cyber crime. I would conclude with a word of caution for the pro-legislation school that it should be kept in mind that the provisions of the cyber law are not made so stringent that it may retard the growth of the industry and prove to be counter-productive.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exotic Tropical Islands Of The South Pacific

With long haul travel no longer such an attractive option for Australian and New Zealand residents, due to the world financial crisis, it is time to turn and take a good hard look at the largely under-sung tropical island South Pacific nations, as the adventure travel destination of 2009. Every tropical island has its own individual and particular attraction, but a quick overview may assist the discerning traveler to make a well balanced travel {{{decision |choice}}.1.Papua New Guinea still appears to have a 6 – 7% economic growth despite I in spite of the globall financial crisis.2.Solomon Islands has one of the highest population growth records in the area, also had the highest economic growth of over 10% in 2007. It {{{appears |is}} strongly placed to continue this trend into 2009.3.The Asian Development Bank is {{{forecasting } forecasting |predicting}}} a slowdown in growth for Vanuatu for 2009, though tourism is booming, because of the greatly increased air services from from Air New Zealand, Solomon Airlines, Pacific Blue, Air Pacific and Air Vanuatu. It is reported that countries that offer tax-haven facilities appear to be more able to hold up against the {{[world |global}}} financial crisis.4.Fiji, under the leadership of military strongman and coup leader Commodore Frank Bainimarama could be in for a rough 2009 with the threat of an election. Bainimarama, with his military-led regime is fervently determined to smash the country’s coup culture, with a burning driving force to {{[alter |change}}} the election laws of the nation, before the voters go to the poll.5.Samoa is the only South Pacific nation that is not grappling with poor leadership, corruption and instability, under the 11 year long leader, Prime Minister Tuilaepa Lupesoliai Sailele Malielegaoi. Though vastly unpopular, the Prime Minister has pulled off the unpopular decision to change the road code from driving on the right, to driving on the left. Almost single-handedly Tuilaepa pushed the alteration through parliament.6.The Cook Islands use New Zealand currency, so the nation may not find it is as protected from the global financial downturn as other South Pacific nations. The rapid rise in tourism may be the Cook Island’s means of salvation. 7.Due to Niue’s severe lack of cash, New Zealand advanced $1 million for jet fuel, to ferry delegates to the annual Pacific Islands Forum meeting in Niue, in August 2008. The need for this never eventuated and now Niue has to work out how to get rid of a million dollars worth of jet fuel. 8.Australia is still committed to rescuing Nauru, after many years of financial disregard, from bankruptcy, is forced to invest nearly Au$1000 per capita each year into the island nation. Fiji is promising to sign a regional air-services agreement with Nauru’s Our Airline, may assist the tiny tropical island nation.9.Tuvaluuses the Australian dollar as currency, may find itself more exposed to the financial global crisis than some of its neighbours. Finally it appears Apisai Ielemia may prove the {{[exemption |exception}}} to the constant removal of prime ministers by no confidence votes. Ielemia has remained unchallenged since taking office in August 14, 2006. The tiny nation of Tuvalu has played a giant role in climate change talks, through Australian-based Dr Ian Fry.10.Asian Development Bank and international donors are deeply anxious about the financial status of Kiribati, with its constant draw-downs from the country’s reserve funds, which are invested offshore. A more prudent approach by the government, toward spending, is needed immediately. The country’s deteriorating infrastructure and overcrowding in urban developments, are Kiribati’s other major problems. 11.French Polynesia has experienced 8 governments in the last four years. Gaston Tong Sang is clutching to keep power, with only a one seat majority. Tourism is expected be in for a huge downturn through the global economy in shreds.12.New Caledonia’s economy has achieved a huge boost {{{because of } because of |through}}} the new US$4 billion Koniambo nickel mine. There are whispers that the seat of power could be relocated from Paris to Noumea.13.One of the smallest nations, with its two kings as co-rulers, Wallis and Futuna will experience hardly any change in 2009.14.Guam has seen the relocation of the US military base from Okinawa, Japan, to this South Pacific tropical island. Some 8000 troops are to be stationed there. Infrastructure alone is estimated to cost US$15 billion, stretching across the next decade, in a joint undertaking between the Japanese and United States governments. However the {{{world |global downturn appears to have slowed down this process.15.Northern Marianas is facing the possibility of an erosion of up to 44% of its GDP according to a recent study. The status of 10,000 Filipino workers may be affected by the alterations to the immigration system. Because of recessionary trends in both Japan and South Korea, tourist numbers are expected to drop.16.If Palau loses its US$70 million aid Itwill not have the ability to meet its 2009 budget. This combined with the down turn in Japanese tourists, could make Palau create with its own financial strategies.17.The Marshall Islands had hoped for some spin off from the US military base in Guam. This may not happen as quickly as many had hoped. Environmental and overcrowding issues remain the major issues.So you have seventeen exotic, exciting and very individual holiday destinations right on your doorstep. Perhaps 2009 is your year of discovering the magic of the South Pacific.

Building a Home Addition versus buying a Larger Home

Choosing to extend the size of your current home via building a home addition is frequently a better decision than selling your home and buying a larger one. In addition to making financial sense, in many cases it also offers other advantages. For example, if you like where you live and/or have children in a school system that they enjoy, building a home addition can preserve these ties.

In addition to providing your house with more living space and saving money, building an addition can also be a terrific investment. However, before starting a large project such as building an addition, it’s important that you first consider several factors. These factors include: the size and scale of the home addition, the property market values in the neighborhood, required financing, architecture, timeline for completing the project, and the personal disruption that you and your family are willing to stand.

Before breaking ground on a home addition, you should first determine your specific extra living space needs. For example, what types of room(s) are you looking to add, and how many square feet of space is desired? Once you know what you need for space, it is then critical to find out the market value of houses in your local area with similar features and sizes to your new home plans. With this market analysis you can then determine the market value difference between your current home footprint and your enlarged home footprint. This market value difference should represent the maximum budget for the new home addition if you want to make a positive investment.

The next major issue that needs to be addressed is how to finance the building of a home addition. Unless the project is being funded via your personal savings then financing will be necessary. If current mortgage rates are higher than the existing house loan, then a home equity loan may make more sense. If current mortgage rates are lower than the existing home mortgage, then refinancing the entire home, including the cost of the home addition project, may make better sense.

After addressing the financing of the home addition, the next major item to focus on are the plans. It is important to consider both the size and scale of the addition, as well as the aesthetics and architecture of the new addition. The home addition should be designed such that it melds into the existing home and is aesthetically appealing from the road. It should not be too large or small relative to the original home. Frequently, homeowners build large additions that either dwarf the existing home or look like aberrations cobbled onto the existing home. Home market values are based on more than just living space. Exterior aesthetics play a major role in calculating the home’s market value.

It is also important to consider other items such as rooflines, doors, siding, windows, shingles, and height elevations. All should meld into the existing home exterior seamlessly.

If you are not planning to use an architect for designing the new home addition then consider purchasing a home design software package. There are a number of good ones on the market and they can help you in multiple ways. Besides providing you with overall sketches of the existing home and addition, they can provide necessary structural drawings to provide to the building inspector when pulling permits for the project.

The next two important aspects to consider are the timeline for completing the project, and the level of homeowner sweaty equity you are willing to provide. When developing a timeline, plan for delays and contingency plans. Regarding homeowner sweat equity, many homeowners over estimate their skill sets and time commitment. Do not over commit yourself both in time and skill sets. Hire contractors where you lack skills, tools, equipment, and time. Also where you legally can not perform the work, e.g. plumbing and electric, plan on finding licensed contractors. For smaller projects, such as installing interior doors, finish trim, painting, cabinet installation, tiling and hardwood flooring, by all means sign up for these tasks if you have the tools and skills.

Finally, remember that building a home addition is a major undertaking. It is also very disruptive to your home for many months. So before choosing to build a home addition, be prepared for the inconveniences of possibly not having a functional kitchen, contractors walking through your home, and loud noises throughout the day. Building a home addition is also a dusty and dirty endeavor. Finally, dealing with contractors can also be challenging at times.

If after considering all these factors you still want to move forward on building an addition, create your plans, hire your contractors, pull your permits and expect a few bumps along the way. When the project is complete you will have more living space, save money and maintain your home base.

For more information on building a room addition see HomeAdditionPlus.com’s Room Addition Bid Sheet.

About the Author: Over the past 20+ years Mark Donovan has been involved with building homes and additions to homes. His projects have included: building a vacation home, building additions and garages on to existing homes, and finishing unfinished homes. For more information on home additions and home remodeling visit homeadditionplus.com and homeaddition.blogspot.com.

Cosmetic Surgery – 3 Ideas for Recovery Time

Pick Up a Good Book Reading can be an enjoyable and relaxing experience as you wait for the body to heal. Reading does not require a lot of movement and books are easy to take with you. Before your cosmetic surgery, consider asking to borrow a book from a friend or make a trip to the bookstore to browse the different topics. Think about a novel or autobiography that you have been wanting to read, but just didn’t have the time for. You now have some time. Some procedures may prevent reading from being a great way to relax. If this is the case, there are other options. Audiobooks can be played anywhere and still allow a patient to remain still and relax. Audiobooks can be purchased from a store or downloaded immediately from the internet.

Catch Up on Movies Some cosmetic surgery procedures may require that patients remain still so as to allow the incisions to heal. Watching a movie can allow you to sit or lie down comfortably, but still be entertained. Much like books, there are so many different topics and styles to choose from. Ask a friend for a recommendation and rent or purchase something to watch during your downtime. If someone will be around to take care of you in the days after your operation, this will also keep them occupied and make for a fun day spent together. Pick Up A Hobby Just because you have to stay home and take it easy, you don’t have to be bored all day. Consider spending some time on a hobby that you haven’t made time for lately. Don’t have a hobby? This is a great opportunity to try out a new one. Before the cosmetic surgery, pick up the supplies that you will need and clear off a space to work. Take your time and enjoy working on something that you love to do. This is another great idea if someone will be home with you and shares an interest in your hobby. This will give you something to do and talk about together, making the time fly by. While each of these ideas works well individually, mix things up and consider doing a little bit of each one. The results of your cosmetic surgery will be well worth the wait during your recovery time. It isn’t worth pushing yourself do do restricted activities, so try to enjoy some restful time. With each of these ideas, be sure to ask your doctor if you can participate in these activities. Also, it is a good idea to take breaks every now and then to allow yourself to rest. Cosmetic surgery in Northwest Indiana requires recovery time at home, post operation. To pass the time you need a strategy to keep your mind occupied and off of the pain. For more information visit http://www.ashpoleplasticsurgery.com

Related Articles –
cosmetic, surgery, Northwest, Indiana,

Email this Article to a Friend!
Receive Articles like this one direct to your email box!Subscribe for free today!

Basketball Offense – 3 Ways to Beat a Zone Defense

Designing a basketball offense to be run against a man-to-man defense is relatively simple – set up screens, pick ‘n roll situations, one-on-one situations, etc. Easy to design but, of course, not always easy to execute. To carry off these plays requires good fundamental skills and lots of practice.But playing against a zone is different – strategies like screens and clear-outs are much less effective, since the defense is more fluid – defensive players are not set specifically against any one offensive player, so they can switch off easily and quickly. But since the defensive players are not fixed on any one offensive player, and because the ball can move faster than the players can, zone defenses can be beaten if your players know what they are doing. Here are three ways for your basketball offense to beat zone defenses:1. Shoot your way out (especially vs packed keys). Zones are usually used to block off the key, to force the outside shot. The idea is that the outside shot is less likely to go in than a drive or an inside move, closer to the basket. However, if you have one or two good shooters, and you can work the ball to them, the zone will not be able to contain them, and defensive players will be forced to move out to pick up the shooters – which will open up holes inside that your inside men can utilize.2. Move the defense out of position. Zone defenses put defensive players in specific positions, so that the entire floor – particularly the key – is well-covered. As the offensive play moves the ball around, defensive players adjust their focus depending on where the offensive players move to, where the ball is, etc. Swing the ball around the outside fast enough, and have your players cutting through the key constantly, and the defense will not be able to adjust quickly enough, or will over-adjust, or will get so jittery that they will start to jump at faked passes and faked shots. All of which will open up the floor for the offense.3. Fast break. A quick transition from defense to offense will take away the time your opponent needs to get back and set up their defense. A good fast break – run off a rebound, turnover, or even a made shot – will cause plenty of confusion for any defense and open up holes through which you can drive the ball.I like the opportunities that a fast game offers, so my teams usually have a fast break as our first option. But of course, you can’t fast break the entire game – situations will arise where a fast break can’t be used, and your players won’t be able to sprint for forty straight minutes. So I’ll also have a couple of plays under our belt – one to use against a man-to-man defense, and one to use against a zone defense. And maybe another just to mix things up every now and again, but no more than that – I don’t want to confuse my players any more than I absolutely have to.Choose a set basketball offensive play to use against the zone and practice it. And when you practice it, be sure to drive home to your players the need to move the ball quickly, to cut fast, shoot when the opportunity arises, and to keep an eye out for the open man. Because if your team follows these steps, opportunities will happen.You will find a few offensive plays and more of my thoughts on offensive strategy on this page: Offensive Strategy from my Better Basketball Coaching website.

Cosmetic Surgeon – Five Traits of Excellent Plastic Surgeons

Cosmetic surgeons can literally hold your life and appearance in their hands. Their skills and talent can change your life for the better by sculpting and enhancing your looks. When a person is pleased with their external appearance, the inner lives improve, as well.There’s nothing quite like loving your body or face in order to improve your confidence and self esteem. Here are five traits that are shared by the most excellent cosmetic surgeons in the business:1) They are good communicators: In order to have the best results, the patient and surgeon must be able to communicate expectations and realistic possibilities to each other. Communication entails both listening and telling.An excellent cosmetic surgeon will listen carefully to his or her patient. He or she will then be able to take the complicated medical jargon and translate it so that the patient fully understands what to expect.2) They are well trained: A physician that is board certified in the discipline of plastic surgery will have worked long years in order to be highly skilled and trained in this field.Not only years of medical school, but additional time spent training in this specialty. They will have practiced during internship and residencies under the mentorship or highly experienced plastic surgeons.3) They have experience: A plastic surgeon will often specialize in certain cosmetic procedures, such as the facial region or reconstructive methods. By performing multiple procedures that are similar, the physician becomes an expert in these operations.4) They have a strong aesthetic eye: Let’s face it, cosmetic surgery is not only a science, it is an art. In order to be a great artist, the aesthetic eye must be highly attuned. Being able to achieve a beautiful result upon a human body entails a deep appreciation of beauty, harmony and proportion. Viewing “before and after” photos of a surgeon’s patients will be a wonderful way of assessing the surgeon’s artful techniques.5) They have a stellar reputation: A person’s good reputation develops because they do a good job. A reputation evolves over time, from word-of-mouth reports from past patients, as well as from reports within the medical community. A good or poor reputation is a telling aspect of how a person operates as well as their ethics and integrity.If a person is ready to have an elective procedure performed, it would be wise to seek the services of cosmetic surgeons with traits of excellence. Do some investigative homework, and wind up with the best doctor around.

Cosmetic Surgeon – Five Traits of Excellent Plastic Surgeons

Cosmetic surgeons can literally hold your life and appearance in their hands. Their skills and talent can change your life for the better by sculpting and enhancing your looks. When a person is pleased with their external appearance, the inner lives improve, as well.There’s nothing quite like loving your body or face in order to improve your confidence and self esteem. Here are five traits that are shared by the most excellent cosmetic surgeons in the business:1) They are good communicators: In order to have the best results, the patient and surgeon must be able to communicate expectations and realistic possibilities to each other. Communication entails both listening and telling.An excellent cosmetic surgeon will listen carefully to his or her patient. He or she will then be able to take the complicated medical jargon and translate it so that the patient fully understands what to expect.2) They are well trained: A physician that is board certified in the discipline of plastic surgery will have worked long years in order to be highly skilled and trained in this field.Not only years of medical school, but additional time spent training in this specialty. They will have practiced during internship and residencies under the mentorship or highly experienced plastic surgeons.3) They have experience: A plastic surgeon will often specialize in certain cosmetic procedures, such as the facial region or reconstructive methods. By performing multiple procedures that are similar, the physician becomes an expert in these operations.4) They have a strong aesthetic eye: Let’s face it, cosmetic surgery is not only a science, it is an art. In order to be a great artist, the aesthetic eye must be highly attuned. Being able to achieve a beautiful result upon a human body entails a deep appreciation of beauty, harmony and proportion. Viewing “before and after” photos of a surgeon’s patients will be a wonderful way of assessing the surgeon’s artful techniques.5) They have a stellar reputation: A person’s good reputation develops because they do a good job. A reputation evolves over time, from word-of-mouth reports from past patients, as well as from reports within the medical community. A good or poor reputation is a telling aspect of how a person operates as well as their ethics and integrity.If a person is ready to have an elective procedure performed, it would be wise to seek the services of cosmetic surgeons with traits of excellence. Do some investigative homework, and wind up with the best doctor around.